The
Virgin Mary in the New Testament, Part I
By Fr. Settimio M. Manelli, F.I.
Conclusion
In
retrospect, the outline of New Testament Mariology emerging from this
overview quite naturally matches that of the mysteries of the Holy
Rosary: Joyful (Mary in the accounts of Jesus’ origin and infancy),
Luminous-Sorrowful (Mary in the mysteries of Christ’s public life), and
Glorious (Mary in the glory of Christ). Further, the golden thread
binding all these episodes together is the mystery of Mary as basis of
our life in Christ: we are brothers and sisters in Christ solely to the
degree that we are children of Mary, the "rest of her offspring:" to the
degree we consider it our prime obligation as believers "to take her
into our home" as did the beloved disciple. The evangelical spirituality
of St. Francis of Assisi has well been described in these terms: Mary is
our Mediatrix with Christ, as Christ is our Mediator with the Father
(200). Another way of putting this, with St. Bonaventure, is this: "As
God comes to us through her, so through her we must return to God"
(201). This is expressed still another way in the Litany of Loreto: Mary
is the virginal Gate of heaven (for us), and the virginal Gate of God
(to us) (202). Without as it were being a prolongation of the Virgin
Mother as the "rest of her offspring," we cannot have "God with us," the
Emmanuel.
Notes
(107) Benedict XVI,
Deus Caritas Est, 41.
(108) Laurentin, The
Truth of Christmas, 99.
(109) Cf. G.C. Bottini,
Introduzione all’opera lucana. Aspetti teologici (SBF Analecta
35) Jerusalem 1992, 81ff. In addition to that of the Presentation (see
Lk 2:36-38) Luke elsewhere in his gospel repeatedly recalls the presence
of the Spirit in a number of episodes from the public life of Jesus:
3:21-22; 4:14, 18; 10:21-22; and in the promises of Jesus to his
disciples: Lk 11:13; 12:11-12; 24:49; Acts 1:8.
(110) P. Colella observes
that the perfect passive participle "blessed" has this meaning: "You
have been blessed and will remain such forever." This in effect is the
Semitic style for expressing a superlative greater than which none can
be conceived: Tu sei la piú benedetta delle donne (Lc 1, 28. 42),
in Bibbia e Oriente 41 (1999) 47ff. Manelli, All Generations…,
188, says: "Mary is the only blessed, or the blessed par excellence and
exemplar of all blessedness among all women." Cf. also J. Ernst, Il
Vangelo secondo Luca, Brescia 1985, vol. 1, 111.
(111) De Fiores, Maria…,
301ff; Manelli, All Generations…, 183ff; Laurentin, The Truth
of Christmas, 56-58; 154-159; H. Muñoz, Beata te che hai creduto,
in Parola, Spirito e Vita 6 (1982) 96-98.
(112) Manelli, All
Generations…, 183-184.
(113) C. Ghidelli,
Luca (NVB 35) Rome 1981, 74.
(114) G. Roschini, La
Madre del mio Signore, in Miles Immaculatae 7 (1971) 257.
(115) Cf. John Paul II,
Redemptoris Mater, n. 13; Manelli, All Generations…, 190;
G. Aranda Perez, La Visitación: el arca nuovamente en camino, in
Ephermerides Mariologicae 43 (1993) 189-211; Laurentin, The
Truth of Christmas, 185-187; G. Ferraro, I racconti dell’infanzia
nel Vangelo di Luca, Naples 1983, 45.
(116) G. Rossé,
Vangelo secondo Luca (Commenti Spirituali del NT), Rome 2003, 24.
(117) Cf. Ibid.,
24.
(118) Manelli, All
Generations…, 194-195. Cf. also John Paul II, Mulieris Dignitatem,
n. 3; AA.VV., La Trinidat y Maria, in Estudios Marianos 67
(2001) passim.
(119) Manelli, All
Generations…, 195.
(120) C. Ghidelli,
Luca, 75.
(121) De Fiores, Maria,
303.
(122) Manelli, All
Generations…, 198. Cf. also Rossé, Vangelo secondo Luca,
24ff; Ghidelli, Luca, 75.
(123) De Fiores, Maria,
303.
(124) F. Manns, Que
sait-on de Marie, 83ff; for a more in-depth analysis cf. above all
Manelli, All Generations…, 198-206. Manns continues, "The
synagogues of the first century were rectangular halls with a single
entry. The women’s synagogue was only introduced in the fourth century,
A.D. Mary, while attending the synagogue, could easily have memorized
the canticle of Anna and the Psalms. Hence, we may speak of the
Magnificat as a prayer by Mary." However, this should never be
interpreted as replacing the inspired origin of the Magnificat.
(125) Rossé, Vangelo
secondo Luca, 25.
(126) He dè psyché mou
agalliásetai epí to kyrío tephthésetai epì to soterío autou.
(127) J. Leal, El
Evangelio de la infancia (BAC 207), Madrid 1961, 121.
(128) Cf. F. Manns,
Que sait-on de Marie, 83.
(129) Rossé, Vangelo
secondo Luca, 25.
(130) G. Rossé,
Vangelo secondo Luca, 29; J. Ernst, Il Vangelo secondo Luca,
135.
(131) Cf. C. Ghidelli,
Luca (NVB 35) Rome 1981, 88.
(132) Manelli, All
Generations…, 248, in particular note 12.
(133) Ibid., 246;
C. Ghidelli, Luca, 88.
(134) Cf. G. Rossé,
Vangelo secondo Luca, 29; Manelli, All Generations…, 245; R.
Laurentin, The Truth of Christmas, 172; G. Ferraro, I racconti
dell’infanzia, 95.
(135) Laurentin, The
Truth of Christmas, 360 (It. Ed.) writes: "‘Until’ does not
prejudice what comes after, but according to Semitic usage only
indicates the term or limit of interest. Where 2 Sam 6:23 says that
Mikal did not have children ‘until she died,’ it is obviously not meant
that she bore children after death."; Manelli, All Generations…,
244ff.
(136) Manelli, All
Generations…., 247; J. Danielou, The Infancy Narratives, New
York 1968, 541; C. Perrot, Les récits d’enfance dans Haggada
antérieure au IIe siècle de notre ère, in Recherches de Science
Religieuse 55 (1967) 510ff; A. Ory, Come riscoprire la verità
storica dei vangeli, 82-91.
(137) Cf. Rossé,
Vangelo secondo Luca, 29.
(138) According to G.
Leopardi, at the time of the slaughter of the innocents Bethlehem and
its surroundings counted about 2,000 inhabitants: L’infanzia di Gesú,
85.
(139) Rossé, Vangelo
secondo Luca, 29. Leopardi, L’infanzia di Gesú, 207; Manelli,
All Generations…, 251 s.
(140) Ghidelli, Luca,
88.
(141) Manelli, All
Generations…, 252 s. Of special importance are the remarks of Pope
John Paul II in Capua for the sixteenth centenary of the Council of
Capua in Convegno internazionale di studio per il XVI centenario del
Concilio di Capua, Rome 1993, 632, cited by Manelli. Cf. also P.D.
Fehlner, Virgin Mother, the Great Sign, Washington NJ 1993.
(142) Cf. Manelli, All
Generations…, 262ff; Ernst, Il Vangelo secondo Luca, 150.
(143) Cf. A. Serra,
Sapienza e contemplazione di Maria secondo Luca 2, 19. 51, Rome
1982; De Fiores, Maria, 307.
(144) Cf. Manelli, All
Generations…, 263.
(145) Rossé, Vangelo
secondo Luca 31ff.
(146) Cf. G. Ferraro,
I racconti dell’infanzia, 133; Manelli, All Generations…,
263.
(147) Cf. Ghidelli,
Luca, 79; Stramare, Vangelo dei Misteri, 163-178.
(148) Cf. Rossé,
Vangelo secondo Luca, 32; Ghidelli, Luca, 95.
(149) Cf. Manelli, All
Generations…, 266-267.
(150) Cf. H. Schürmann,
Il Vangelo di Luca. Parte prima (CTNT III/1) Brescia 1983, 255.
(151) Cf. Gen 27:40;
31:26; Lev 26:6; Deut 32:25; Josh 5:13; Judg 7:14; Is 1:20; Jer 2:30;
Ezek 5:1ff.
(152) Cf. Ex 5:21; 32:27;
Num 31:8; Hos 7:16; 11:6; 14:1; Amos 4:10; 7:9, 11; 9:1, 4, 10; Nahum
2:13; 3:3, 15; Zeph 2:12; Hag 1:11; Zech 13:7. Cf. S. Garfolo, Tuam
ipsius animam pertransibit gladius (Lc 2, 35), in Maria in Sacra
Scriptura IV, Rome 1967, 176; A. Feuillet, Jesus and His Mother,
Still River, MA, 1984, 51.
(153) Cf. W. Michaelis,
rhomphaía, in GLNT, XI, 995.
(154) Cf. Stefano
Manelli, Mary Coredemptrix in Sacred Scripture, in Mary
Coredemptrix, Mediatrix, Advocate. Theological Foundations II, Santa
Barbara, CA, 1997, 88. Cf. also Gallus, De sensu verborum, 230.
(155) Cf. Schürmann,
Il Vangelo di Luca, 256; De Fiores, Maria, 305. Both Paul VI
in Marialis Cultus, n. 20, and John Paul II in Redemptoris
Mater, n. 16, have commented on this episode of the Presentation,
effectively stressing (without the title) the coredemptive doctrine
found there. In particular John Paul II has stressed the character of
this episode as a "second annunciation." Whereas the first centered on
the Incarnation and the role of Mary as Virgin Mother, the second
focuses on the redemptive sacrifice and Mary’s active part therein.
(156) Manelli, All
Generations…, 313ff; De Fiores, Maria, 305; G. Ferraro, I
racconti dell’infanzia nel Vangelo di Luca, Naples 1983, 172. 180;
Ghidelli, Luca, 105.
(157) De Fiores, Maria,
305.
(158) Ibid., 306;
cf. Manelli, All Generations…, 317.
(159) Some exegetes
underscore how this anxiety is for Mary an anticipation of what she will
experience during the days of the Passion and death of Jesus, who will
remain in the tomb three days. Thus, F. Manns, Heureuse es-tu,
92. Also S. Garofalo, La Madonna nella Bibbia, Milan 1958, 128;
Manelli, All Generations…, 325.
(160) Manelli, All
Generations…, 325; Ferraro, I racconti dell’infanzia, 177.
(161) R. Laurentin,
¿Que enseña sobre Maria el hallazgo de Jesús en el templo?, in
Maria del evangelio. Las primeras generaciones cristianas hablan de
María, Madrid 1994, 220.
(162) De Fiores, Maria,
306.
(163) Manelli, All
Generations…, 321.
(164) De Fiores, Maria,
307; Ferraro, I racconti dell’infanzia, 197ff; Manelli, All
Generations…, 326.
(165) De la Potterie,
MMC, 69-70.
(166) Manelli, All
Generations…, 331.
(167) Cf. Ibid.,
331; C. Spicq, Il primo miracolo di Gesù dovuto a sua Madre (Gv 2,
1-11), in Sacra Doctrina 18 (1973) 125-144; U. Vanni,
Maria e l’incarnazione nell’esperienza della chiesa giovannea, in
Theotokos 3 (1995) 312; De Fiores, Maria, 2311ff.
(168) De Fiores, Ibid.
(169) Thus Manelli,
All Generations…, 332-335.
(170) Ibid.,
335ff.
(171) Ibid., 336.
(172) The Navarre
Bible. St. John’s Gospel, Dublin 1987, 62.
(173) Cf. De la Potterie,
MMC, 192.
(174) The Navarre
Bible. St. John’s Gospel, 63.
(175) Cf. A. Feuillet,
The Hour of Jesus and the Miracle of Cana, in Johannine Studies,
New York, 1973, 26.
(176) Cf. Manelli, All
Generations…, 344ff; De la Potterie, MMC, 205-206.
(177) Manelli, All
Generations…, 366; cf. A. Feuillet, Maria, Madre del Messia,
Madre della Chiesa, Milan 2004, 42.
(178) G. Segalla,
Giovanni (NVB 36), Cinisello Balsamo 1998, 449.
(179) Manelli, All
Generations…, 366ff.
(180) Cf. De Fiores,
Maria, 312.
(181) Segalla,
Giovanni, 449.
(182) M. de Goedt, Un
schème de révélation dans le quatrième Evangile, in New Testament
Studies 8 (1961-62) 142-150.
(183) De la Potterie,
MMC, 218.
(184) Segalla,
Giovanni, 449ff.
(185) During the past two
decades the bibliography concerning Jn 19:25-27 has grown tremendously
along the lines of Council teaching and that of the Ordinary Magisterium,
which sees proclaimed there the spiritual and coredemptive maternity of
Mary. Cf. M. Miravalle, Mary Coredemptrix, Mediatrix, Advocate:
Foundational Presence in Divine Revelation, in Mary Coredemptrix,
Mediatrix, Advocate: Theological Foundations I, Santa Barbara, CA,
1995, 256-269; Stefano M. Manelli, Maria Corredentrice nella Sacra
Scrittura, in Maria Corredentrice. Storia e Teologia,
Frigento 1998, 91-101; Idem, Maria a titolo unico Corredentrice,
in Immaculata Mediatrix 2 (2002) 247-264; Idem, All
Generations…, cit., 364-383; B. Gherardini, Lo Corredentrice nel
mistero di Cristo e della Chiesa, Rome 1998, 217-220; G. Cottier,
La Mariologia dal Concilio Vaticano II ad oggi, in L’Osservatore
Romano, 3-4 June, 2002, 8; Th.M. Sennott, Mary Coredemptrix,
in Mary at the Foot of the Cross II, New Bedford, MA, 2002, 616.
(186) Manelli, All
Generations…, 370.
(187) John Paul II,
L’Osservatore Romano, English edition, March 11, 1985, p. 7.
(188) De la Potterie,
MMC, 223ff.
(189) Cf. Gen 3:15; Is
7:14; Dan 7:7; 10:13; Mic 4:9ff; Jn 2:1-11; 19:25-27; Gal 4:4.
(190) De la Potterie,
MMC, 244.
(191) Manelli, All
Generations…, 396ff.
(192) De la Potterie, MMC,
251.
(193) Cf. F. Manns,
Heureuse es-tu, 150.
(194) On the various
interpretations of Woman cf. H. Gollinger, Das "grosseZeichen"
von Apokalypse 12, Würzburg-Stuttgart 1971, 25-72.
(195) De la Potterie, MMC,
242.
(196) Manelli, All
Generations…, 400ff.
(197) Manelli, All
Generations… 402-403; more detailed exposition on pages 402-408.
(198) Ibid., 406.
(199) Ibid., pp.
408-409.
(200) Henri d’Avranche,
Legenda Versificata S. Francisci, in Analecta Franciscana
X, Quaracchi 1941, 445; cf. also St. Bonaventure, III Sent., d 3,
p 1, a 1, q 2.
(201) St. Bonaventure,
Commentarium in Lucam, 1, 70 [Eng. Trans.: Commentary on Luke
>.
(202) Cf. Manelli, All
Generations…, 87-93, (particularly the biblical basis in Ezek
44:1-2), 88-90.
RETURN TO TOP
|